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导读：这是一篇英国留学生作业范文，讨论了《反思欧洲》。在《反思欧洲》中，作者莫兰对欧洲文化从一个全新的角度进行论述，将欧洲的政治、思想等方面与欧洲文化进行联系与诠释，并以一种他称之“复杂思维范式”的方法进行思考，为给我们传达欧洲文化的精神核心。《反思欧洲》不仅生动具体地描绘了欧洲文化的脉络，更透露出作者独特的眼光和思考。 Reflection on Europe discusses European culture from a new Angle. The author can fully relate and interpret European culture from geographical, cultural, political and ideological aspects. Moran is discussed from two aspects of Europe and the concept of cultural information in Europe thought culture development course, and with a kind of he said "complex thinking paradigm" approach, to convey the spirit of the European culture core to us. Moran is not so simple introduction to the classification of the school of thought or ideas, but on the meaning of intellectual history, this paper is the concept of alternate change, different ideological collision out sparks, alternate and fostering the old and the new culture, with its refining, dialectical stroke in moran, the European culture, like a colorful picture scroll, bit by bit to show in front of our eyes. What are the characteristics of Europe Moran spoke of European culture in the book of the multi-source and fusion, the spirit of exploration, multiple features such as tension and its fragility, hope in this thinking mainly from two angles along the moran here to discuss the characteristics of Europe. 对欧洲的思考从一个新的角度探讨欧洲文化。作者可以从地理，文化，政治和意识形态方面充分理解和解释欧洲文化。莫兰从欧洲和欧洲文化信息概念两个方面讨论了文化发展历程，并用一种他所说的“复杂思维范式”的方法，向我们传达欧洲文化核心的精神。莫兰并不是那么简单地介绍思想或思想流派的分类，而是关于思想史的意义，本文是交替变化的概念，不同的意识形态碰撞火花，交替和培养新旧文化，凭借其精炼，在moran中的辩证中，欧洲文化，就像一幅色彩缤纷的画卷，一点一滴地展现在我们眼前。欧洲莫兰的特点是什么，在多源和融合，探索精神，张力及其脆弱性等多重特征的书中谈到欧洲文化，希望在这个思想中主要从两个角度沿着莫兰这里讨论欧洲的特点。 "Reflections on Europe" is a "pamphlet" that elaborates the essence of European culture in the same form as an essay. Author Edgar moran is one of the most important thinkers in the contemporary French, he has created a kind of a way of thinking about the world and society -- thinking pattern "complex", this is a way of thinking to the society, science, knowledge and so on various aspects to conduct a comprehensive reflection of the system, and strong logicality, this way of thinking to make up for the interdisciplinary between dispersion alienation, no system malpractice has a very important positive influence, in Europe, South America and English produced a strong response from all the world. In the preface to the Chinese edition, the writer commented that "reflection on Europe" is so far There is a distinction in the discourse on Europe. At the same time, it advances the about the author's argument that moran concerns are not confined to art factions sorting, nor for existing ideas in general, but on the meaning of the thought, idea of change, different thought collision out sparks, old and new culture of alternating and sublation, with exquisite style of writing, image, one will be a present in front of the reader, vivid and meaningful. Europe in the book is not limited to a geographical term, but also a cultural concept, its development change "just like a picture of a light color contrast modern watercolor, diversity and unity, instead, and want to conflict and interdependence". What is Europe? What are the characteristics of European culture? What is the origin of European culture? How did European culture evolve? Reflecting on Europe presents the answers to these questions. My previous knowledge of European history was nothing more than dry revolutionary history, and the essence of culture that had been removed and hidden was expressed in this pamphlet. First, the concept of Europe. Moran says in his preface that he was "for a long time an anti-european", but that "the oil shock of 1937 brought a sudden awakening of European consciousness The reawakened Europe has been well implemented and nothing is wrong with me abandoning global consciousness. Moran from a global perspective in Europe that "Europe is a border with no boundary in Asia geographic concepts and changing the history of the concept", he thought that Europe is a cultural concept rather than a geographical concept, Europe is not in its boundary definition. Secondly, about the origin of European culture. There are four sources of European culture, "judaeo-christian culture and greco-latin culture". The uniqueness of the European culture on the one hand, he argues, is due to its ever influenced by Judaism and Christianity, and at the same time inherited carry forward these two religions, on the other hand, the modern breeding science and rational aspect also has the outstanding achievement, is the heir to the idea of "Greek", in addition to these two points, he thinks that the development of the European culture has its special, it is in the "numerous interconnected and contradictory development" of the conversation, moran compared this conversation to a vortex, and European culture formal development, the change in the vortex. Specific explanation for, European culture is a blend of the ancient Greek philosophy of logic, the Latin culture of ancient Rome, jewish culture and Christian culture, in this kind of fusion with doubt and explore the vortex, and a series of social communication, finally formed now. European culture from multiple sources to European culture provides a more cultural factors, thus it can be seen that the European culture is open, as the author said, "Europe is no longer the exclusive of Europe: the nation state, democracy, humanitarian, rational, science, technology, industry, capitalism, socialism. In one sense, Europe ferments the world. It is worth noting that the author describes the evolution of European civilization with the European whirlpool, which is both vivid and appropriate. Third, the characteristics of European culture. The most powerful vitality of European culture is its spirit of suspicion. Europe has diversity and polarities of thought, and the emergence and existence of these ideas are inseparable from the spirit of doubt. In continental Europe there is no spirit forever, no matter who the theories and thoughts, no matter what kind of science, have to withstand any doubt, to form a new truth in doubt, new truth and being suspected, the cycle spiral cycle. Of course, most totalitarian states do not allow sceptics. Thus, Europe's tradition of suspicion has been won over from its rulers through a long struggle. Moran in China, for example say China is exactly the opposite, compared with Europe in the 15th century ago, China's culture and civilization level of science and technology is located in the world, but stay "son of heaven bureaucratic machine make China as a hierarchical, stable rigid society". Because of the inherent stability of society, China is virtually stagnant. Europe, with its internal imbalances and conflicts, has inspired economic, social, technological, political and cultural leaps. Another feature of European culture is the establishment of effective dialogue mechanisms. This mechanism is the "conversation vortex". Moran USES a special section in his reflections on Europe to describe the concept of intellectuals. With China people received a good education as the concept of the intellectuals, he thinks the European intellectuals is evolved from medieval churches of priests, the culture of knowledgeable people are gradually moved away from the control of the church, and then the rise of the combination of university and other institutions dedicated to explore human, science and theology, formed the independent characteristics, he thinks the intellectuals "in the world, after, they are not fully attached to the princes of the sponsoring his interests, shall not be restricted by their own social status, also don't pander to their readers. They are independent, and from their own professional knowledge, they discuss and comment on the major principles of humanity, morality, society and politics. Therefore, they both raise and solve problems. On the one hand, they criticize myths and dispel superstition. On the other hand, they construct the ideology and myth of modern society. "Intellectuals are concerned with major basic social issues, especially those involving truth, justice and freedom in real life." This is a far cry from the image of the literary mohist in China, where intellectuals are generally regarded as "learned men" and cannot handle their position in the power system. But in moran's writing, European intellectuals seem to be deeper and more plausible. His aim, the authors note, "is not simply to look at Europe's past, but to look at Europe's present from its past." This kind of analysis from the view of global, world history, analysis of culture, with suspicion negation and innovation constantly, perfect and comprehensive conclusion, formal worthy of our learning and use the key. Reflecting on Europe not only vividly and concretely depicts the context of European culture, but also reveals the author's vision and thinking, which has benefited a lot after reading. After the second world war, Europe and even the world were reflecting on how this rich and civilized place could have two terrible world wars. Therefore, the cultural system has been reflected and the culture and system have been improved. Throughout Chinese history, we always lack of the cultural system of this kind of diverse, change and dialogue, we are thousands of years in the political system, and the European and world is in constant change toward a higher civilization. Admittedly, European culture is in the process of globalism, the trend is the integration of human society, mankind only the values of a common recognition, is the human peace, prosperity and win-win basis.#p#分页标题#e# |
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