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随着世界经济的发展，城市化将成为大多数国家的主流现象。一份报告预测，到2025年，五分之三的人口将生活在城市地区，世界上将有35个“大城市”。城市化的出现将对供应链管理产生许多影响。
With the development of the world economy, urbanization will become the mainstream phenomenon in most countries. A report predicts that by 2025, three-fifths of people will live in urban areas and there will be 35 “megacities” in the world. The emergence of urbanization will have many implications for supply chain management.
城市化将不同层次和不同类型的消费者聚集在一起（关、卫、路、戴、苏，2018）。这些消费者都将成为企业客户。供应链管理必须面对并满足更多的多样化消费者需求。这就要求供应链管理能够更准确地调查和预测消费者对库存管理的需求。它还要求在供应链的各个环节，包括信息、资金、运输等环节做好沟通协调，使公司在不增加成本的前提下更有效地满足消费者多样化、个性化的需求。它的成本。例如，为了实现供应链管理的信息管理，企业可以根据数据了解客户需求，调整产品库存水平，保持库存在合理水平，同时满足消费者的多样化需求，降低库存成本。同时，公司及时向供应商传递信息，使供应商能够立即提高产品质量和设计，缩短交货时间。
Urbanization brings together different levels and types of consumers (Guan, Wei, Lu, Dai and Su, 2018). These consumers will all become corporate customers. Supply chain management will have to face and meet more diverse consumer demands. This requires supply chain management to be able to more accurately investigate and forecast consumer demand for inventory management. It also requires a good job of communication and coordination should be done in all links, including information, capital, transportation, and other links within a supply chain, so that the company is more efficient to meet consumer demand for diversification and personalization without increasing its costs. For example, to achieve information management of supply chain management allows companies to understand customer needs according to the data, adjust product inventory levels and keep inventory at a reasonable level while meeting the diverse needs of consumers to reduce inventory costs. At the same time, the companies deliver information to suppliers in a timely manner, so that the suppliers can immediately improve product quality and design to shorten delivery times.
在城市化进程中，基础设施的完善，包括交通设施和网络设施，人们可以通过更多的方式购物，供应链管理必须提供多种购物、支付和交付方式，以满足消费者在不同渠道的购物需求。NELS（李、贾、吴、严、刘，2018）。此外，城市化导致的交通拥堵问题以及消费者购物需求在时间和地点上的集中，要求供应链管理的效率大大提高，各种工具的管理流程和应用也应得到改善。不断优化以更快地满足消费者需求。例如，交通预测工具、RFID标签、GPS设备、道路传感器、条形码、地理围栏、基于位置的跟踪和其他技术将有助于公司优化出行并确保按计划进行。如果发生意外停机，车载远程通信系统将允许重新定向或重新安排交付。
In urbanization process, improvements of infrastructure, including transportation facilities and network facilities, people can shop through more ways, supply chain management has to provide a variety of shopping, payment and delivery methods to satisfy consumers’ shopping needs in different channels (Li, Jia, Wu, Yan and Liu, 2018). In addition, the problem of traffic congestion caused by urbanization and the concentration of consumers’ shopping needs in terms of time and place require that the efficiency of supply chain management should be greatly improved, and the management process and application of various tools should be constantly optimized to meet consumer demand more rapidly. For instance, traffic forecasting tools, RFID tags, GPS devices, road sensors, bar codes, geofences, location-based tracking and other technologies will help companies to optimize travelling and ensure that they can proceed as planned. In the event of an accidental outage, the onboard telematics system will allow the delivery to be redirected or rescheduled.
城市化给人们的生活带来了便利，也带来了许多环境问题，如空气污染（马、成、齐，2018）。城市化要求包括供应链管理在内的各行业采用更绿色的技术、产品和方法，以减轻城市化带来的环境压力。在供应链管理中可以采取的措施包括更环保的包装，例如避免过度包装，减少塑料等包装材料的使用，以及采用更环保的运输方式，例如使用电动汽车和o减少排放，更多地使用铁路和其他运输方式，这可以有效地减少城市拥挤和降低运输成本。Urbanization brings convenience to people's lives, it also brings many environmental problems, such as air pollution (Ma, Cheng and Qi, 2018). Urbanization requires that various industries, including supply chain management, should adopt greener technologies, products, and methods to reduce the environmental pressure brought about by urbanization. The measures that can be taken in supply chain management include more environmentally friendly packaging, such as avoiding over-packaging, reducing the use of packaging materials such as plastics, and adopting more environmentally-friendly means of transport, such as the use of electric vehicles to reduce emissions and much more using railways and other transportation methods, which can effectively reduce urban congestion and reduce transportation costs.
References
Guan, X., Wei, H., Lu, S., Dai, Q. and Su, H. (2018). Assessment on the urbanization strategy in China: Achievements, challenges and reflections. Habitat International, 71(1), 97-109.
Li, Y., Jia, L., Wu, W., Yan, J. and Liu, Y. (2018). Urbanization for rural sustainability – Rethinking China's urbanization strategy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 178(20), 580-586.
Ma, L., Cheng, W. and Qi, J. (2018). Coordinated evaluation and development model of oasis urbanization from the perspective of new urbanization: a case study in Shandan County of Hexi Corridor, China. Sustainable Cities and Society, 39(5), 78-92.
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